A. 急急急！！！！！！跪求有關中小企業融資問題的外文文獻翻譯 要求有作者和文章來源 不少於25000位元組。
外文文獻翻譯成中文1000字左右）： 【主要閱讀文獻不少於5篇，譯文後附註文獻信息，包括：作者、書名（或論文題目）、出 版 社（或刊物名稱）、出版時間（或刊號）、頁碼。提供所譯外文資料附件（印刷類含封面、封底、目錄、翻譯部分的復印件等，網站類的請附網址及原文】 中小企業融資的創新 中小企業融資的文件 盡管政府、銀行和各金融機構採取了一系列的措施，中小企業仍面臨著一些挑戰，這是具有普遍性的。這些問題涉及到抵押問題，貸款難，拖延應收款，技術過時，營銷道路不暢等。印度為了解決上述的問題，採取了一些新的融資工具並創建了新的融資體制。這些措施包括： 1. 小型工業的信用保證基金信託 印度政府與印度小企業發展銀行，已成立了一個小型工業信用保證基金信託（ CGTSI ）實施保障計劃。主體信託擬加強從目前的7億到25億美元。其主要目的是促進信用較低的小型企業的融資，鼓勵銀行向值得貸款的企業免除抵押方式的貸款。在過去三年間，有資格的小型工業的貸款約2.5萬被納入該計劃之中且CGTSI擔保貸款的信用機構的會員迄今已擴大到約18,000名，涉及的貸款額約3億美元。CGTSI考慮今年把他們的業務增至與去年相比的三倍。一些新的信用保證制度，如相互信貸保證計劃等類似的計劃在義大利和歐洲其他國家也正在制訂中。 2. 風險分擔機制 雖然CGTSI延伸保證支付的貸款高達2.5萬美元，但有需要提供擔保的銀行貸款超過上述限額。根據世界銀行牽頭籌資問題和發展中小企業的計劃，有可能為中小企業引入的風險分擔機制正在研究中。主理銀行和獨立機構之間將按同樣的比例共同承擔銀行向中小企業貸款的風險。當然，該機制將按成本獲得收益。這一機制到時候，將減輕銀行的信貸風險和高級中小企業的資金問題。 3. 創業資金 關於新的資金來源，許多國家正在考慮放寬有關風險資本投資的規則。在印度也已經採取了各種措施這個方向發展。印度小企業發展銀行以及其他一些機構在該國已經帶頭採取了促進風險投資。根據資料顯示該銀行已設立了16個國家一級/區域一級的資金，為軟體和IT業設立了約1億美元的國家基金，近來還新建立了約1億美元的中小企業發展基金。該基金將致力於醫葯，生物技術，輕工程，軟體和其他領域。中小企業發展基金預期將增至5億美元。 4. 小額貸款 實現潛在的小額貸款將促進經濟的增長，印度小企業發展銀行一直把重點放在增加有能力的部門來處理信貸和小額貸款的支出的增加。印度小企業發展銀行基金會的小額貸款運作部門，在2004年裡已累計批准了710萬美元的財政援助。根據該方案，過去4年累計援助的受益人超過100萬，其中大部分是婦女。對於未解決的投資方案，有可能從2004年3月底910萬美元增至今年年底的2億美元。 5. 中小企業基金 印度政府和印度小企業發展銀行最重要的部門之間所採取的行動是建立100億美元的中小企業基金，以期推動資金流向中小企業。印度小企業發展銀行經過仔細考慮，設立基金和開展其業務從2004年4月開始生效。按照規定，基金援助提供給利率在銀行PLR基準點200以下的中小企業。通過中小企業發展銀行辦公廳向中小 企業提供的直接援助正在擴大，主要的貸款機構也提供9.5%利率的再融資。SFCs可可獲得7.5%~8%利率的再融資的收益。除了SFCs外，通過商業銀行，中小企業基金提供的援助用於路由。該基金的流動除了提升對中小企業的援助，還解決了跨部門的貸款費用問題。 6. 為中小企業設立一個專門的信用評級機構 為了解決信貸需求方面的問題，主動採取行動以支持機制的信息共享和信用評級。為了加強信貸信息和便於銀行進行信貸決策，印度小企業發展銀行已決定推出一個專門為中小企業的信用評級協會與公共部門銀行。銀行可以選擇與公共部門的銀行和信貸評級機構交流信息，本年度該機構就有可能開展業務。 7. 資產證券化 為了擴大中小企業的援助范圍，資產證券化進程提供由發起人和channelise資金的載體購買中小企業的投資組合的機會。這樣的組合可以被購買方保留，也可以根據資本市場的變動被出售給投資者。印度小企業發展銀行最近已獲准由印度政府開展的業務，進行資產證券化。
B. 「中小企業融資」翻譯成英文怎麼說
small
and
medium-sized
enterprise
financing
barriers
and
countermeasures
C. 急求關於中小企業融資問題的英文文獻
Commercial Financing Solutions - Think Outside The Bank
July,2007 by Stephen Bush
Commercial financing borrowers are likely to feel that a traditional bank is their best source for business financing. However, because most traditional banks focus on a small number of established instries, non-traditional (non-bank) and non-local commercial lenders should be considered for most commercial financing situations. Therefore the recommended commercial financing strategy (as discussed in this article) is to Think Outside the Bank」.
There are several commercial financing situations in which commercial borrowers will frequently find that non-traditional commercial lenders are better positioned to provide terms that are more advantageous to the commercial borrower: (1) Business cash advance and credit card factoring programs; (2) commercial mortgage loans; and (3) credit card processing programs. In some cases a traditional bank will offer to provide commercial financing but will attach excessively stringent terms and covenants. In other cases a traditional bank will decline the commercial financing outright, perhaps because they do not even provide business financing to the commercial borrower』s particular instry. In either case, the commercial borrower is likely to benefit by Thinking Outside the Bank」.
As I noted in an earlier commercial financing article, in many non-competitive business financing situations it is not unusual for a local traditional bank to impose harsher commercial financing terms than would typically be seen in a more competitive business financing market. Such traditional banks routinely take advantage of a relative lack of other commercial lenders in their local market. An appropriate response by commercial borrowers is to seek out non-bank commercial financing options. It is neither necessary nor wise for commercial borrowers to depend only upon local traditional banks for commercial financing solutions. For most commercial financing situations, a non-local and non-bank commercial lender is likely to provide improved business financing terms because they are accustomed to competing aggressively with other commercial lenders.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE ONE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Business Cash Advance and Credit Card Receivables Programs
Most businesses that accept credit cards in their business will qualify for a business cash advance with their credit card receivables. Traditional banks will typically be very poor candidates to consider if a business needs assistance with credit card factoring and business cash advances. Because even thriving businesses frequently need more cash than they can borrow from a bank, it can be of critical importance for a business to Think Outside the Bank」 and locate non-traditional lenders to assist with this commercial financing need.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE TWO - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Two of the most common commercial financing difficulties experienced by commercial borrowers can be avoided if they Think Outside the Bank」. The first commercial financing situation is the prevailing practice of traditional banks to avoid most special purpose properties (such as funeral homes and churches). The second commercial financing situation is the typical practice of most commercial banks to attach balloon and/or recall provisions to their commercial loans (which means that the bank can require early repayment of the commercial loan under various conditions). Both of these undesirable commercial financing situations can usually and easily be avoided by considering a non-traditional and non-bank lender.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE THREE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Credit Card Processing Programs
The choice of an appropriate credit card processing service can be instrumental in improving the profitability of businesses with a high volume of credit card activity. The analysis of credit card processing providers can be effectively combined with the credit card factoring and credit card receivables process described above. In assessing a business cash advance program, it is frequently possible to simultaneously arrange for a substantial improvement in the merchant』s credit card processing program. Because traditional banks are usually not competitive in providing assistance with credit card factoring, it is equally likely that a non-traditional lender will be the primary source of effective and competitive help with credit card processing.
A closing commercial financing thought: I have written an earlier commercial financing article about commercial lenders to avoid. It should be noted that there are in fact both traditional and non-traditional (non-bank) lenders which should be avoided. So when commercial borrowers Think Outside the Bank」, it is still of critical importance that they are prepared to avoid a wide variety of problematic non-traditional commercial lenders in their search for viable commercial financing, especially when it involves business cash advance (credit card receivables and credit card factoring) programs, credit card processing services and commercial real estate financing.
D. 求一篇中小企業融資問題的外文文獻，外文全文+翻譯中文。一千字左右，
易軒外文有,輕松解決.樓主加油.
E. 求助：中小企業融資摘要英文翻譯
SMEs play a decisive role in China's economic and social development.
And have played an important role in adjusting the economic structure, to enrich and enliven the market, increase employment opportunities, the development of local economy and increasing fiscal revenue, etc.However, the issue of financing has been plaguing the development of SMEs.Meanwhile,take into consideration of the current financial crisis,make deep analysis of financing small and medium-sized problems.Pointing out that there are such phenomenon as narrow channels of direct financing,high financing cost and high risk,low financing credit,discriminatory policy,and Lack of co-ordination of social financial services.etc.To understand the plight of small and medium enterprises financing are of many asepects.Including their lack of small and medium enterprises, financial institutions, monopoly, the development of small and medium-sized financial institutions lagged behind, the development of regulations to protect their not perfect, imperfect capital markets. Therefore, this article-depth analysis of the problems of financing small and medium enterprises, to explore and propose solutions to small and medium enterprises financing measures to fundamentally break through the bottleneck of financing difficulties. Financing solutions to the plight of small and medium-sized small and medium enterprises should increase the competitiveness of their own, and deepen financial sector reforms, improve the capital markets, increase government support to strengthen the social service system building
F. 試析中小企業融資難問題用英語怎麼翻譯
An analysis of the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises
G. 中小企業融資問題研究——以某公司為例中外文翻譯急求
我幫你吧....
H. 中小企業融資難的存因及解決措施 英文怎麼說 不要在線翻譯的 謝謝~~
On the reasons and solutions on financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprise
希望採納