A. 急急急！！！！！！跪求有关中小企业融资问题的外文文献翻译 要求有作者和文章来源 不少于25000字节。
外文文献翻译成中文1000字左右）： 【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出 版 社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】 中小企业融资的创新 中小企业融资的文件 尽管政府、银行和各金融机构采取了一系列的措施，中小企业仍面临着一些挑战，这是具有普遍性的。这些问题涉及到抵押问题，贷款难，拖延应收款，技术过时，营销道路不畅等。印度为了解决上述的问题，采取了一些新的融资工具并创建了新的融资体制。这些措施包括： 1. 小型工业的信用保证基金信托 印度政府与印度小企业发展银行，已成立了一个小型工业信用保证基金信托（ CGTSI ）实施保障计划。主体信托拟加强从目前的7亿到25亿美元。其主要目的是促进信用较低的小型企业的融资，鼓励银行向值得贷款的企业免除抵押方式的贷款。在过去三年间，有资格的小型工业的贷款约2.5万被纳入该计划之中且CGTSI担保贷款的信用机构的会员迄今已扩大到约18,000名，涉及的贷款额约3亿美元。CGTSI考虑今年把他们的业务增至与去年相比的三倍。一些新的信用保证制度，如相互信贷保证计划等类似的计划在意大利和欧洲其他国家也正在制订中。 2. 风险分担机制 虽然CGTSI延伸保证支付的贷款高达2.5万美元，但有需要提供担保的银行贷款超过上述限额。根据世界银行牵头筹资问题和发展中小企业的计划，有可能为中小企业引入的风险分担机制正在研究中。主理银行和独立机构之间将按同样的比例共同承担银行向中小企业贷款的风险。当然，该机制将按成本获得收益。这一机制到时候，将减轻银行的信贷风险和高级中小企业的资金问题。 3. 创业资金 关于新的资金来源，许多国家正在考虑放宽有关风险资本投资的规则。在印度也已经采取了各种措施这个方向发展。印度小企业发展银行以及其他一些机构在该国已经带头采取了促进风险投资。根据资料显示该银行已设立了16个国家一级/区域一级的资金，为软件和IT业设立了约1亿美元的国家基金，近来还新建立了约1亿美元的中小企业发展基金。该基金将致力于医药，生物技术，轻工程，软件和其他领域。中小企业发展基金预期将增至5亿美元。 4. 小额贷款 实现潜在的小额贷款将促进经济的增长，印度小企业发展银行一直把重点放在增加有能力的部门来处理信贷和小额贷款的支出的增加。印度小企业发展银行基金会的小额贷款运作部门，在2004年里已累计批准了710万美元的财政援助。根据该方案，过去4年累计援助的受益人超过100万，其中大部分是妇女。对于未解决的投资方案，有可能从2004年3月底910万美元增至今年年底的2亿美元。 5. 中小企业基金 印度政府和印度小企业发展银行最重要的部门之间所采取的行动是建立100亿美元的中小企业基金，以期推动资金流向中小企业。印度小企业发展银行经过仔细考虑，设立基金和开展其业务从2004年4月开始生效。按照规定，基金援助提供给利率在银行PLR基准点200以下的中小企业。通过中小企业发展银行办公厅向中小 企业提供的直接援助正在扩大，主要的贷款机构也提供9.5%利率的再融资。SFCs可可获得7.5%~8%利率的再融资的收益。除了SFCs外，通过商业银行，中小企业基金提供的援助用于路由。该基金的流动除了提升对中小企业的援助，还解决了跨部门的贷款费用问题。 6. 为中小企业设立一个专门的信用评级机构 为了解决信贷需求方面的问题，主动采取行动以支持机制的信息共享和信用评级。为了加强信贷信息和便于银行进行信贷决策，印度小企业发展银行已决定推出一个专门为中小企业的信用评级协会与公共部门银行。银行可以选择与公共部门的银行和信贷评级机构交流信息，本年度该机构就有可能开展业务。 7. 资产证券化 为了扩大中小企业的援助范围，资产证券化进程提供由发起人和channelise资金的载体购买中小企业的投资组合的机会。这样的组合可以被购买方保留，也可以根据资本市场的变动被出售给投资者。印度小企业发展银行最近已获准由印度政府开展的业务，进行资产证券化。
B. “中小企业融资”翻译成英文怎么说
small
and
medium-sized
enterprise
financing
barriers
and
countermeasures
C. 急求关于中小企业融资问题的英文文献
Commercial Financing Solutions - Think Outside The Bank
July,2007 by Stephen Bush
Commercial financing borrowers are likely to feel that a traditional bank is their best source for business financing. However, because most traditional banks focus on a small number of established instries, non-traditional (non-bank) and non-local commercial lenders should be considered for most commercial financing situations. Therefore the recommended commercial financing strategy (as discussed in this article) is to Think Outside the Bank”.
There are several commercial financing situations in which commercial borrowers will frequently find that non-traditional commercial lenders are better positioned to provide terms that are more advantageous to the commercial borrower: (1) Business cash advance and credit card factoring programs; (2) commercial mortgage loans; and (3) credit card processing programs. In some cases a traditional bank will offer to provide commercial financing but will attach excessively stringent terms and covenants. In other cases a traditional bank will decline the commercial financing outright, perhaps because they do not even provide business financing to the commercial borrower’s particular instry. In either case, the commercial borrower is likely to benefit by Thinking Outside the Bank”.
As I noted in an earlier commercial financing article, in many non-competitive business financing situations it is not unusual for a local traditional bank to impose harsher commercial financing terms than would typically be seen in a more competitive business financing market. Such traditional banks routinely take advantage of a relative lack of other commercial lenders in their local market. An appropriate response by commercial borrowers is to seek out non-bank commercial financing options. It is neither necessary nor wise for commercial borrowers to depend only upon local traditional banks for commercial financing solutions. For most commercial financing situations, a non-local and non-bank commercial lender is likely to provide improved business financing terms because they are accustomed to competing aggressively with other commercial lenders.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE ONE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Business Cash Advance and Credit Card Receivables Programs
Most businesses that accept credit cards in their business will qualify for a business cash advance with their credit card receivables. Traditional banks will typically be very poor candidates to consider if a business needs assistance with credit card factoring and business cash advances. Because even thriving businesses frequently need more cash than they can borrow from a bank, it can be of critical importance for a business to Think Outside the Bank” and locate non-traditional lenders to assist with this commercial financing need.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE TWO - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Commercial Mortgage Loans
Two of the most common commercial financing difficulties experienced by commercial borrowers can be avoided if they Think Outside the Bank”. The first commercial financing situation is the prevailing practice of traditional banks to avoid most special purpose properties (such as funeral homes and churches). The second commercial financing situation is the typical practice of most commercial banks to attach balloon and/or recall provisions to their commercial loans (which means that the bank can require early repayment of the commercial loan under various conditions). Both of these undesirable commercial financing situations can usually and easily be avoided by considering a non-traditional and non-bank lender.
COMMERCIAL FINANCING EXAMPLE THREE - THINK OUTSIDE THE BANK
Credit Card Processing Programs
The choice of an appropriate credit card processing service can be instrumental in improving the profitability of businesses with a high volume of credit card activity. The analysis of credit card processing providers can be effectively combined with the credit card factoring and credit card receivables process described above. In assessing a business cash advance program, it is frequently possible to simultaneously arrange for a substantial improvement in the merchant’s credit card processing program. Because traditional banks are usually not competitive in providing assistance with credit card factoring, it is equally likely that a non-traditional lender will be the primary source of effective and competitive help with credit card processing.
A closing commercial financing thought: I have written an earlier commercial financing article about commercial lenders to avoid. It should be noted that there are in fact both traditional and non-traditional (non-bank) lenders which should be avoided. So when commercial borrowers Think Outside the Bank”, it is still of critical importance that they are prepared to avoid a wide variety of problematic non-traditional commercial lenders in their search for viable commercial financing, especially when it involves business cash advance (credit card receivables and credit card factoring) programs, credit card processing services and commercial real estate financing.
D. 求一篇中小企业融资问题的外文文献，外文全文+翻译中文。一千字左右，
易轩外文有,轻松解决.楼主加油.
E. 求助：中小企业融资摘要英文翻译
SMEs play a decisive role in China's economic and social development.
And have played an important role in adjusting the economic structure, to enrich and enliven the market, increase employment opportunities, the development of local economy and increasing fiscal revenue, etc.However, the issue of financing has been plaguing the development of SMEs.Meanwhile,take into consideration of the current financial crisis,make deep analysis of financing small and medium-sized problems.Pointing out that there are such phenomenon as narrow channels of direct financing,high financing cost and high risk,low financing credit,discriminatory policy,and Lack of co-ordination of social financial services.etc.To understand the plight of small and medium enterprises financing are of many asepects.Including their lack of small and medium enterprises, financial institutions, monopoly, the development of small and medium-sized financial institutions lagged behind, the development of regulations to protect their not perfect, imperfect capital markets. Therefore, this article-depth analysis of the problems of financing small and medium enterprises, to explore and propose solutions to small and medium enterprises financing measures to fundamentally break through the bottleneck of financing difficulties. Financing solutions to the plight of small and medium-sized small and medium enterprises should increase the competitiveness of their own, and deepen financial sector reforms, improve the capital markets, increase government support to strengthen the social service system building
F. 试析中小企业融资难问题用英语怎么翻译
An analysis of the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized enterprises
G. 中小企业融资问题研究——以某公司为例中外文翻译急求
我帮你吧....
H. 中小企业融资难的存因及解决措施 英文怎么说 不要在线翻译的 谢谢~~
On the reasons and solutions on financing difficulty of small and medium-sized enterprise
希望采纳