⑴ 求有关上市公司融资偏好分析的参考文献,中文15篇外文5篇,请表明作者,书名(论文名),版本(刊物名
网络学术可以找到参考文献,输入关键词,在输入年份,就能找到相对应的参考文献。如果不知道参考文献格式要求,可以网络搜,参考文献自动生成器。直接按着填就出来了。
网络搜索参考文献自动生成器,按着里面填,点生成参考文献就出来了。
数据资料可以在网络文库、中国统计年鉴中找到。
参考文献标准格式
参考文献类型:专著[M],论文集[C],报纸文章[N],期刊文章[J],学位论文[D],报告[R],标准[S],专利[P],论文集中的析出文献[A]
电子文献类型:数据库[DB],计算机[CP],电子公告[EB]
电子文献的载体类型:互联网[OL],光盘[CD],磁带[MT],磁盘[DK]
A:专著、论文集、学位论文、报告
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码(可选)
[1]刘国钧,陈绍业.图书馆目录[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1957.15-18.
B:期刊文章
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码
[1]何龄修.读南明史[J].中国史研究,1998,(3):167-173.
[2]OU J P,SOONG T T,et al.Recent advance in research on applications of passive energy dissipation systems[J].Earthquack Eng,1997,38(3):358-361.
C:论文集中的析出文献
[序号]析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名[A].原文献主要责任者(可选).原文献题名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码
[7]钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[A].赵炜.运筹学的理论与应用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集[C].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1996.468.
D:报纸文章
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)
[8]谢希德.创造学习的新思路[N].人民日报,1998-12-25(10).
E:电子文献
[文献类型/载体类型标识]:[J/OL]网上期刊、[EB/OL]网上电子公告、
[M/CD]光盘图书、[DB/OL]网上数据库、[DB/MT]磁带数据库
[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出版或获得地址,发表更新日期/引用日期
[12]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展
[8]万锦.中国大学学报文摘(1983-1993).英文版[DB/CD].北京:中国大网络全书出版社,1996.
作者.题名[D].所在城市:保存单位,发布年份.
李琳.住院烧伤患者综合健康状况及其影响因素研究[D].福州:福建医科大学,2009.
其他的:
作者.题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.
沈平,彭湘粤,黎晓静,等.临床路径应用于婴幼儿呼吸道异物手术后的效果[J].中华护理杂志,2012,47(10):930-932.
作者.书名[M]. 版次.出版地: 出版者,出版年:起止页码.
胡雁.护理研究[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:38.
作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).
丁文祥.数字革命与国际竞争[N].中国青年报,2000-11-20(15).
作者.题名[EB/OL].网址,发表日期/引用日期(任选).
世界卫生组织.关于患者安全的10个事实 [EB/OL].
其他: [R]、[P]、[A]、[C]、[Z]等。
⑵ 给提供两个个论文的英文参考文献
BEIJING -- For Jin Zhenghao, this November has been the most stressful month in his 25 years of life.
A financial engineering major at Xiamen University in southeast China's Fujian Province, Jin is desperately trying to find a job before graating in June 2009.
November is when the school gave him time to market himself to potential employers. Jin has sent resumes to nearly 30 companies, resulting in five interviews. So far, he has received no job offers.
Related readings:
Employment heads towards 'grim situation'
Job fairs opened for graates amid financial crisis
China opens nationwide job fairs for graates
Now, Jin is paying 2,000 yuan (US$293) a month to live in Shanghai, the country's financial hub, in hopes of securing more interviews.
"Companies either have few job vacancies or simply don't want new people," Jin told Xinhua over the phone. Only a year ago, he added, graates like him, would end up with job offers from several well-known international or domestic financial companies before graation.
"The situation is obviously very bad this year. The financial crisis is a major reason," said Jin. "I'm really worried."
Many financial companies, particularly international big names, have cut employees this year e to overseas problems in stock markets.
Jin is not the only one to feel the economic shockwave from the developed world. Thousands of factories which used to manufacture shoes, clothes or toys for export, have been closed or are struggling for survival as foreign orders declined.
This not only means there are more unemployed people, but also fewer opportunities for first-time job seekers.
Deputy Minister of Human Resources and Social Security Zhang Xiaojian said here on Thursday that 6.1 million college and university students will graate in the first half of next year.
An additional four million college students who graated in previous years have not found jobs and will also be vying for limited opportunities.
"If companies' demand for new employees drops significantly, finding a job will definitely become more difficult for college students," Zhang said.
Professor Yue Changjun, an expert on ecation and economy at Peking University in Beijing, told China Youth Daily that 67,000 private Chinese companies closed in the first half of this year.
According to Yue, this is a significant figure because private companies employed 34.2 percent of college graates last year.
"How come I can't find a job?" a Peking University student, anonymously named "Rebecca ycj", asked in a message posted on the university's online forum.
The law student said she applied for jobs at several firms, state-owned enterprises, banks and even a news agency, but every time she was refused.
Research from 51job.com, a popular job-seeking website in China, showed the financial service, real estate, foreign trade and manufacturing instries were the hardest hit sectors as a result of the economic slowdown.
The number of job vacancies in financial services, for example, dropped by 12 percent in the July-November period, compared with the same period of last year.
Zhang said the government, schools and students were moving quickly to try to address the difficulties.
A total of 259 job fairs are currently underway throughout China. Nearly 30,000 enterprises, government organs and public institutions will offer more than 500,000 jobs at those fairs before November 30, said Zhang.
"The major idea is to help college graates obtain employment information, create more job opportunities and encourage students to work in less developed geographical areas where they are welcomed," he said.
Prof. Li Daokui of Tsinghua University said because not all sectors are affected by the recession overseas, the prospect of employment isn't as dire as some people feel.
The government announced a 4 trillion yuan stimulus package to boost the economy and domestic demand.
"As long as China's economy maintains 9 percent growth, 10 million new jobs can be created every year," Li said.
Meanwhile, students are encouraged to think more creatively when applying for jobs, for example, they need to lower their salary expectations or consider working in rural instead of urban areas.
In a country with more than 1.3 billion people, college ecation used to be considered a guarantee for good income, a decent work place and a passport to big cities like Beijing and Shanghai. Things have changed now.
Jin said financial risk management companies and consulting firms were his first choice for work because entry-level income can be at least 7,000 yuan a month.
"Now 5,000 yuan or even lower is acceptable, as long as I work in the financial field," he said.
The financial crisis has also made government jobs an unexpected favorite among graates.
A total of 775,000 people applied for a national examination to qualify as government servants. That's the highest number since 1994 and 130,000 people more than applied last year, said Yang Shiqiu, Deputy Minister of Human Resources and Social Security.
"Only 13,500 persons will be recruited, meaning less than two in every 100 people will succeed," he said.
以上为CHINA DAILY
⑶ 论文英文参考文献 急求5本关于农村金融研究的英文版书籍
作者:Brealey,R., S.Myers and F. Allen, 书名:Corperate Finance版本及出版商:McGraw-Hill, 2006(8.Auflage)主要内容:赢利,风险分析,股票,证券发行,投资及融资相关本文来自: 中国经济学教育科研网论坛( http://bbs.cenet.org.cn) 详细出处参考: http://bbs.cenet.org.cn/dispbbs.asp?boardid=92513&ID=101272
⑷ 请给一下有关B2C网站融资的相关英文文献,大约两万五千字母左右,做论文用,谢谢!
告诉楼主一个搞cnki维普万方账号的地方,就是在【师生联盟】论坛里找。师生联盟论坛成立2年了,里面有大量免费的有效CNKI、维普、万方账号、文献代理等资源,都是免费放送。
网络搜索一下“师生联盟”,第一个链接就是。
另外,也可以去师生联盟求助文献,基本上5分钟之内就有人帮你下载到了。求助文献完全免费,速度快,不扣币。
中文的CNKI、维普、万方文献,学位论文,超星、读秀图书,外文的sciencedirect,wiley,ACS,springer,blackwell,ieee,nature,science等各种中外数据库,都可以轻松搞定。
⑸ 求论文"中小企业融资困境及解决对策"的外文参考文献和中文翻译一篇
http://wenku..com/view/aa2b20eab8f67c1cfad6b8c7.html
看看这个咋样
⑹ 求 关于 融资 方面的国外论文参考文献三个,必须是英文的,题目-作者-年份。
33.MAHE L P.Environment and Quality Standards in WTO New Protectionism in Agricultural Trade A European Perspective[R].
Edinburgh:Eight Annua1.Congress of European Agricultural Economists, 1996:36~42
34.LIDDLE B.Free trade and the environment—development system[J].Ecol Econ,2001,39:21~36
⑺ 急求关于中小企业融资的外文参考文献
研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献
英文图书和期刊类文献:
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Economics Studies,1992,Vol.59,p473-494.
[3]Albertode,M.&JulioPindado.Determinants of capital structure:new evidence
from Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance,2001,(7):77-99.
[4]A.N.Berger,N.H.Miller,M.A.Petersen,R.G.Rajan,J.C.Stein,2001,“Does
Function Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices of
Large and Small Banks”,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve System
Working Paper.
[5]Azam,J.P.,B.Biais,M.Dia and C.Mauriel.Informal and Formal Credit Markets
and Credit Rationing in Cote D’Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,
2001,17(4),520-532.
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Monetary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of Economic
Perspectives,1995,(9);27-48.
[7]Barbosa,E.&Moraes,C.,Determinants of the Firm’s Capital Structure:the
Case of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers,2003,
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[9]Baxter,N.D.&Cragg,J.G.Corporate choice among long-term financing
instruments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics,1970,(52):225-235.
[10]Berger,A.N.,Udell,G.F.,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in Small
Firm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382.
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The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial Growth
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[24]Fama,E.&Jensen,M.C.Ageney Problem and resial claims.Journal of Law
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financial behavior of small and medium sized companies[J].Small Business
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debt[J].Journal of Finance,1984,(39):841-853.
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evidence[J].Midland Corporate Finance Journal,1985,(3):53-59.
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Evidence from Small Business Data,the Journal of Finance,1994,XLIX,3-37.
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⑻ 能再发一份 文化产业融资 的外文文献
先到网络文库,找一篇此类文档中文的,然后用有道翻译,或是谷歌在线翻译翻成英
文,然后把英文放上面,中文放下面。希望可以帮到你。如果要找标准的PDF格式外文文
献,可以在谷歌,用英文文献名+空格+PDF 这样比较容易找到。
第一是Google搜索,主要是英文,尤其是其学术搜索,意义大。
第二,通过各大学图书馆系统,进入几个主流的出版发行集团。
第三,利用网络免费储存、电子书系统。尤其是国外多。
1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。
2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)
3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。
4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。
5、论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。
6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
一,选题要新颖。
这次我的论文的成功,和高分,得到导师的赞许,都是因为我论文的选题新颖所给我带来的好处。最好涉及护理新领域,以及新进展,这样会给人耳目一新的感觉。
二,大量文献做基础
仔细查阅和你论文题目和研究范围相关的文献,大量的文献查阅会你的论文写作铺垫,借鉴别人的思路,和好的语言。而且在写作过程不会觉得语言平乏,当然也要自己一定的语言功底做基矗
三,一气呵成
做好充分的准备,不要每天写一些,每天改一些,这样会打断自己的思路,影响文章的连贯。
四,尽量采用多的专业术语
可能口语化的表达会给人带来亲切感,但论文是比较专业的形式,是有可能做为文献来查阅和检索的,所以论文语言的专业化,术语化会提升自己论文的水平。
五,用正规格式书写
参考正规的论文文献,论文格式。不要因为格式问题,而影响到你论文的质量。
六,最好在计算机上完成写作过程
如果有条件最好利用电脑来完成写作过程,好处以下几点:1,节省时间,无论打字的速度慢到什么程度,肯定要比手写的快。2,方便,大量的文献放在手边,一个一个查阅是很不方便的,文献都是用数据库编辑,所以都是在电脑上完成。提前先在电脑上摘要出重点,写出提纲,随时翻阅,方便写作。3,修改编辑,在电脑随时对文章进行修改编辑都是非常的方便。4,随时存档,写一段,存一段,防止突然停电,或者电脑当机。本人就是吃了这个大亏,一个晚上的劳动,差点就全没了,幸亏男友是电脑高手,帮我找回。否则就恨着电脑,哭死算了。
七,成稿打印好交给导师
无论你的字写的多么优美,还是按照惯例来,打印出的文字显的正规,而且交流不存在任何的问题,不会让导师因为看不懂你的龙飞凤舞,而低估你的论文。而且干净整洁,女孩子不仅注意自己的形象问题,书面的东西也反映你的修养和气质。
八,听取导师意见,仔细修改
导师会给你一些关于你论文建设性的意见,仔细参考,认真修改。毕竟导师是发表过多篇论文,有颇多的经验。
2,
网络学术可以找到参考文献,输入关键词,在输入年份,就能找到相对应的参考文献。如果不知道参考文献格式要求,可以网络搜,参考文献自动生成器。直接按着填就出来了。
网络搜索参考文献自动生成器,按着里面填,点生成参考文献就出来了。
参考文献标准格式
参考文献类型:专著[M],论文集[C],报纸文章[N],期刊文章[J],学位论文[D],报告[R],标准[S],专利[P],论文集中的析出文献[A]
电子文献类型:数据库[DB],计算机[CP],电子公告[EB]
电子文献的载体类型:互联网[OL],光盘[CD],磁带[MT],磁盘[DK]
A:专著、论文集、学位论文、报告
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[文献类型标识].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码(可选)
[1]刘国钧,陈绍业.图书馆目录[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1957.15-18.
B:期刊文章
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码
[1]何龄修.读南明史[J].中国史研究,1998,(3):167-173.
[2]OU J P,SOONG T T,et al.Recent advance in research on applications of passive energy dissipation systems[J].Earthquack Eng,1997,38(3):358-361.
C:论文集中的析出文献
[序号]析出文献主要责任者.析出文献题名[A].原文献主要责任者(可选).原文献题名[C].出版地:出版者,出版年.起止页码
[7]钟文发.非线性规划在可燃毒物配置中的应用[A].赵炜.运筹学的理论与应用——中国运筹学会第五届大会论文集[C].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1996.468.
D:报纸文章
[序号]主要责任者.文献题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次)
[8]谢希德.创造学习的新思路[N].人民日报,1998-12-25(10).
E:电子文献
[文献类型/载体类型标识]:[J/OL]网上期刊、[EB/OL]网上电子公告、
[M/CD]光盘图书、[DB/OL]网上数据库、[DB/MT]磁带数据库
[序号]主要责任者.电子文献题名[电子文献及载体类型标识].电子文献的出版或获得地址,发表更新日期/引用日期
[12]王明亮.关于中国学术期刊标准化数据库系统工程的进展
[8]万锦.中国大学学报文摘(1983-1993).英文版[DB/CD].北京:中国大网络全书出版社,1996.
作者.题名[D].所在城市:保存单位,发布年份.
李琳.住院烧伤患者综合健康状况及其影响因素研究[D].福州:福建医科大学,2009.
其他的:
作者.题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码.
沈平,彭湘粤,黎晓静,等.临床路径应用于婴幼儿呼吸道异物手术后的效果[J].中华护理杂志,2012,47(10):930-932.
作者.书名[M]. 版次.出版地: 出版者,出版年:起止页码.
胡雁.护理研究[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:38.
作者.题名[N].报纸名,出版日期(版次).
丁文祥.数字革命与国际竞争[N].中国青年报,2000-11-20(15).
作者.题名[EB/OL].网址,发表日期/引用日期(任选).
世界卫生组织.关于患者安全的10个事实 [EB/OL].
其他: [R]、[P]、[A]、[C]、[Z]等。
⑼ 毕业论文 (社会资本与融资)的开题报告 和摘要,还有摘要的英文翻译怎么写!急急急~
你好啊,你的社会资本与融资开题报告选题定了没?开题报告选题老师同意了吗?准备往哪个方向写?
开题报告学校具体格式准备好了没?准备写多少字还有什么不懂不明白的可以问我,希望可以帮到你,祝开题报告选题顺利通过,毕业论文写作过程顺利。
课题研究的基本方法主要有: ⑴ 观察法.⑵ 调查法.⑶ 测验法.⑷ 行动研究法.⑸ 文献法 ⑹ 经验总结法.⑺ 个案研究法.⑻ 案例研究法.⑼ 实验法 (在一个课题研究过程中,根据不同的研究目的和要求,往往会用到两种以上方法)
(1)选题的背景和意义主要说明所选课题的历史背景、国内外研究现状和发展趋势。历史背景部分着重说明本课题前人研究过,研究成果如何。国内外研究现状部分说明本课题目前在国内外研究状况,介绍各种观点,比较各种观点的异同,着重说明本课题目前存在的争论焦点,同时说明自己的观点。发展趋势部分说明本课题目前国内外研究已经达到什么水平,还存在什么问题以及发展趋势等,指明研究方向,提出可以解决的方法。开题报告写这些内容一方面可以论证本课题研究的地位和价值,即选题的意义,包括对选题的理论意义和现实意义的说明;另一方面也可以说明开题报告撰写者对本课题研究是否有较好的把握。
(2)研究的基本内容和拟解决的主要问题相对于选题的意义而言,研究的基本内容与拟解决的主要问题是比较具体的。毕业设计(论文)选题想说明什么主要问题,结论是什么,在开题报告中要作为研究的基本内容给予粗略的,但必须是清楚的介绍。研究基本内容可以分几部分介绍。
(3) 研究方法及措施选题不同,研究方法则往往不同。研究方法是否正确,会影响到毕业设计(论文)的水平,甚至成败。在开题报告中,学生要说明自己准备采用什么样的研究方法。比如调查研究中的抽样法、问卷法,论文论证中的实证分析法、比较分析法等。写明研究方法及措施,是要争取在这些方面得到指导老师的指导或建议。
(4) 研究工作的步骤、进度。课题研究工作的步骤和进度也就是课题研究在时间和顺序上的安排。毕业设计(论文)创作过程中,材料的收集、初稿的写作、论文的修改等,都要分阶段进行,每个阶段从什么时间开始,到什么时间结束都要有规定。在时间安排上,要充分考虑各个阶段研究内容的相互关系和难易程度。对于指导教师在任务书中规定的时间安排,学生应在开题报告中给予呼应,并最后得到批准。学生在实际操作中,时间安排一般应提前一点,千万别前松后紧,也不能虎头蛇尾,完不成毕业设计(论文)的撰写任务。
(5) 主要参考文献。在开题报告中,同样需列出参考文献,这在实际上是介绍了自己的准备情况,表明自己已了解所选课题相关的资料源,证明选题是有理论依据的。在所列的参考文献中,同样应具备不少于2篇的外文文献 。